1. Introduction Flow measurement has always balanced two competing needs: accuracy and simplicity. While advanced flow technologies such as ultrasonic, Coriolis, or thermal mass meters deliver excellent performance, they often come with high cost, complex installation requirements, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. In contrast, mechanical flow measurement concepts—some dating back decades—continue to prove their value when combined with modern sensing technologies.

Precision has always been the backbone of effective robotics and automation . As systems take on increasingly sophisticated tasks from assembling microscopic components to safely collaborating with human workers, the ability to sense, interpret, and respond to forces becomes integral. Robots no longer operate in their cells, performing repetitive actions; they navigate dynamic environments, handle fragile materials, and make real time adjustments. In this context, precision